Indonesian rupiah

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Indonesian rupiah rupiah Indonesia (Indonesian)
Rupiah banknotes, only the Rp 1000 and Rp 5000 notes are current
ISO 4217 Code	IDR
User(s)	Indonesia
Inflation	10.38 %
Source	Bank Indonesia, May 2008
Subunit
1/100	sen
Symbol	Rp
Coins
Freq. used	Rp 100, 200, 500
Rarely used	Rp 25, 50, 1000
Banknotes
Freq. used	Rp 1000, Rp 5000, Rp 10 000, Rp 20 000 Rp 50 000, Rp 100 000
Central bank	Bank Indonesia
Website	www.bi.go.id

The rupiah (Rp) is the official currency of Indonesia. Issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia, the ISO 4217 currency code for the Indonesian rupiah is IDR. The symbol used on all banknotes and coins are Rp. The name derives from the Indian monetary unit rupee. Informally, Indonesians also use the word "perak" ('silver' in Indonesian) in referring to rupiah. The rupiah is subdivided into 100 sen, although inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in sen obsolete.

The Riau islands and the Indonesian half of New Guinea (Irian Barat) had their own variants of the rupiah, but these were subsumed into the national rupiah in 1964 and 1971 respectively (see Riau rupiah and West New Guinea rupiah).

Contents [hide] 1 Current legal tender 1.1 Coins 1.2 Banknotes 1.2.1 Security features 2 History of the Indonesian Rupiah 2.1 1600-1942 - Dutch Colonial Money 2.2 1942 - 1949 Japanese Invasion, and Indonesian independence - the dawn of hyperinflation in Indonesia 2.2.1 The Japanese Invasion 2.2.2 Dutch/Allied re-occupation 2.2.3 First notes of the Republic of Indonesia 2.2.4 Dutch money of 1947-1949 2.2.5 Local banknotes of Republic of Indonesia, 1947-1949 2.2.6 Banknote series of the Republic of Indonesia, 1945-1949 2.2.6.1 Republic of Indonesia banknotes - series 1, '1945' 2.2.6.2 Republic of Indonesia banknotes, Series 2, '1 January 1947' 2.2.6.3 Republic of Indonesia banknotes, Series 3, '26 July 1947' 2.2.6.4 Republic of Indonesia banknotes, Series 4, '23 August 1948' 2.3 1950-1952 Indonesian independence recognised. Central bank: De Javasche Bank 2.3.1 The Sjafruddin cut 2.3.1.1 Indonesia De Javasche Bank notes 2.3.2 Republik Indonesia Serikat money 2.3.3 Nationalisation of De Javasche Bank - transformation to Bank Indonesia 2.4 Sen coinage: 1951-1961 2.5 1953-1958: Bank Indonesia born 2.5.1 1953-1954: First notes of Bank Indonesia 2.5.2 1958-1959 Animals series - Second Series of Banknotes of Bank Indonesia 2.6 1959-1965: currency devaluation and spiralling inflation 2.6.1 1959: First Indonesian-designed notes, the 'handicrafts' series 2.6.2 1960: Thomas De La Rue flowers and birds banknotes 2.6.3 1960-1961: Government banknotes 2.6.4 1961-1964: Complete handicrafts series 2.6.5 1965: Updates to the crafts notes 2.7 1965 onwards - 'new rupiah': the 1000 to 1 revaluation of the rupiah 2.7.1 1965-1968: First series of banknotes ('Soekarno') of the 'new rupiah' 2.7.2 1968-1970: Second series of banknotes ('Sudirman') of the 'new rupiah' 2.7.3 1971-1973: reintroduction of coins to Indonesia 2.7.4 Diponegoro series '1975' 2.7.5 1976-1978: Banknote series 3 of the new rupiah 2.7.6 1978-1979: Updated coinage 2.7.7 1979-1982: Banknote Series 4 of the new rupiah 2.7.8 1985-1988: Banknote series 5 of the new rupiah 2.7.9 1991-1993: Updated coinage 2.7.10 1992: series six banknotes of the new rupiah 2.7.11 1993: Soeharto commemorative 50,000 rupiah 2.7.12 1995: addition of security thread to top 1992/1993 banknotes 2.7.13 1997-1998: Coin revisions 2.7.14 1998-1999: post financial crisis banknotes 2.7.15 2000-2005: redesigns to all of Indonesia's denominations of banknotes 2.7.16 2003: Coin revisions 3 Exchange Rate and inflation 3.1 1946-1949 revolutionary period 3.2 1949-1965 foreign exchange restrictions 3.3 1966-1971 stabilization and growth 3.4 Fixed rate period 1971-1978 3.5 Managed Float period 1978-1997 3.5.1 1978-1986 devaluations 3.5.2 October 1986-June 1997: US$ real exchange parity 3.6 Asian Financial Crisis (and response) 1997-1999 3.6.1 First stage of the crisis - limited initial falls 3.6.2 Response to the falls - crisis 3.7 Rupiah since 1999: relative stability 4 Commemorative coins 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Current legal tender

The current rupiah consists of coins from 25 rupiah up to 1,000 rupiah, and from banknotes of 1,000 rupiah up to 100,000 rupiah. With US$1 generally worth 9-10,000 rupiah, the largest Indonesian banknote is therefore worth around US$10.

As the smallest current note is worth approximately US$0.10, even small transactions such as bus fares are typically conducted with notes, and the 1,000 rupiah note is far more common than the 1,000 rupiah coin. The government has however announced a change to this, with a new 2000 rupiah note to be issued in Q2 2008, and the 1000 rupiah note withdrawn, to be replaced with a coin.[1] The measure is intended to cut the cost of issuing money. Hence denominations up to 1000 (~$0.10) would be handled in coin, and from 2000 (~$0.20) and up in notes.

Pre-1997 notes are no longer legal tender, due to the lack of security features and association with the Suharto regime, but can be exchanged in Bank Indonesia offices until 2010.[2] Due to the low value of the notes below 1000 rupiah, although they are no longer being circulated, some remain in use in increasingly poor condition, as low denomination 'uang pasar', outside the banking system for use in informal transactions.

The 10,000 rupiah notes and above all exist in two legal tender designs. However, the 2004 and 2005 series are gradually replacing the 1998 and 1999 series.

The central bank plans to issue a 2,000 rupiah banknote in a near term.

Coins

From 1991, a new coinage was introduced consisting of 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 rupiah coins. 200 rupiah pieces were introduced in 2003.

There are presently two series of coins in circulation: aluminium bronze and bi-metallic coins from 1991-1998 and light-weight aluminium coins from 1999 onwards. Due to the low value and general shortage of small denomination coins (below 100 rupiah), it is common to receive sweets in lieu of the last few rupiah of change in supermarkets and stores^{[citation needed]}.

Indonesian rupiah coins [3]
Value	Series	Diameter	Thickness	Weight	Material	Obverse	Reverse	Availability
Rp 1	1970	22 mm	1.4 mm	1.42 g	Aluminium	Sikatan Bird	Nominal "1"	None (Worth ~$0.0001)
Rp 25	1991	18 mm	1.98 mm	1.22 g		Garuda Pancasila	Nutmeg Fruit and nominal "25"	Low
Rp 50	1999	20 mm	2 mm	1.36 g			Nominal "50" and Kepodang Bird	High
Rp 100	1999	23 mm	2 mm	1.79 g			Nominal "100" and Palm Cockatoo Bird
Rp 200	2003	25 mm	2.3 mm	2.38 g			Nominal "200" and Bali Starling Bird
Rp 500	1991	24 mm	1.8 mm	5.29 g	Aluminium Bronze		Nominal "500" and Jasmine Flower	Low
	1997		1.83 mm	5.34 g				Medium
	2003	27 mm	2.5 mm	3.1 g	Aluminium			High
Rp 1,000	1993	26 mm	2 mm	8.6 g	Bi-metal, Nickel and Aluminium Bronze		Palm Tree and nominal "1000"	Low

Banknotes

There are two legal tender series of Indonesian banknotes, the 1998-2001 series, which consists of the full range of denominations: 1000, 5000, 10000, 50000 and 100000 rupiah, and the 2004, 2005 updates of the higher denominations (10000 and above), with better anti-forgery devices.

Rupiah notes '1998', '1999', '2000', '2001' series

Image

Value

Dimensions

Main Colour

Description

Date of

Remarks

Obverse

Reverse

Obverse

Reverse

Watermark

Signatures

Printer

Serial

issue

note series

first of denomination

replacement

1000 rupiah

141 × 65 mm

Blue and green

Captain Pattimura

Mutiara and Tidore Islands, with fisherman

Tjut Njak Meutia

Anwar Nasution (Deputy Governor Senior), Aulia Pohan (Deputy Governor)

Perum Peruri

3 letters, 6 numbers

29th November 2000

'2000'

20th February 1967

Still being issued

Carries imprint date 2000-2008

5000 rupiah

143 × 65 mm

Brown and green

Tuanku Imam Bonjol

Songket weaver, Tanah Datar

Syahril Sabirin (Governor), Miranda S. Goeltom (Deputy Governor)

6th November 2001

'2001'

2nd April 1970

Carries imprint date 2001-2008

10000 rupiah

148 × 72 mm

Brown

Tjut Njak Dhien

Segara Anak Lake

Wage Rudolf Soepratman; security thread

J. Soedradjad Djiwandono (Governor), Mukhlis Rasyid (Director)

18th February 1998

'1998'

Carries imprint date 1998-2004

20000 rupiah

152 × 72 mm

Green

Ki Hadjar Dewantara

Children in classroom

Ki Hadjar Dewantara; security thread

J. Soedradjad Djiwandono (Governor) Mukhlis Rasyid (Director)

23rd January 1998

10th February 1992

Carries imprint date 1998-2003

50000 rupiah

Green and violet

WF Soepratman

Indonesian flag being raised

Omar Said Tjokroaminoto; security thread

Syahril Sabirin (Governor), Dono Iskandar Djojo (Deputy Governor)

1st June 1999

'1999'

1st March 1993

Carries imprint dates 1999-2004

100000 rupiah

151 × 65 mm

Red, yellow, green and blue

Sukarno and Hatta, proclamation of independence

Indonesian Parliament building, Jakrta

Garuda Pancasila and the logo of Bank Indonesia ; security thread

Syahril Sabirin (Governor), Iwan R. Prawiranata (Deputy Governor)

Note Printing Australia; Note Printing Works Bank of Thailand

1st November 1999

First of denomination

No imprint date; phosphorus number for security

These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre, a Wikipedia standard for world banknotes. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Rupiah notes '2004', '2005' series, Printed Perum Peruri

Image

Value

Dimensions

Main Colour

Description

Date of

Remarks

Obverse

Reverse

Obverse

Reverse

Watermark

Signatures

Serial

note series

issue

10000 rupiah

145 × 65 mm

Purple

Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II

The traditional Limas House of Palembang, South Sumatra

Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II

Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor) Bun Bunan E.J. Hutapea (Deputy Governor)

3 letters, 6 numbers

'2005'

18th October 2005

Imprint 2005-2008

20000 rupiah

147 × 65 mm

Green

Otto Iskandar Di Nata

Tea plantation, West Java

Otto Iskandar Di Nata

Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor), Maulana Ibrahim (Deputy Governor)

'2004'

29th December 2004

Imprint 2004-2008

50000 rupiah

149 × 65 mm

Blue

I Gusti Ngurah Rai

Beratan Lake in Bali

I Gusti Ngurah Rai

Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor), Maman H. Soemantri (Deputy Governor)

'2005'

18th October 2005

Imprint 2005-2008

100000 rupiah

151 × 65 mm

Red

As 1999

WR Supratman

Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor), Aulia Pohan (Deputy Governor)

'2004'

29th December 2004

Imprint 2004-2008

These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre, a Wikipedia standard for world banknotes. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Security features

Collection of 50,000 rupiah bills clearly displaying the security threads.

• The materials of the banknotes basically are long fibres from any kind of wood, or a mix of different types of wood. However, the preferable material is the Abaca fibre, which is naturally plentiful in Indonesia and is believe to increase the durability of the banknotes. The banknotes are made with the process of heating, to create a unique type of pulp.

• The minimum security features for naked eyes are watermarks, electrotypes and security threads with color fibres. In addition to this, extra features may be included, such as holograms, Irisafe, iridescent stripes, clear windows, metameric windows and gold patches.
  • Watermark and Electrotype are made by controlling the gap of density of the fibres which create certain images for the banknotes. This is done to raise the quality of the notes from the aesthetic view.
  • Security threads are put in the middle of the note's materials so horizontal and vertical lines are shown from top to bottom. The threads also can be made with many variations such as the materials, size, color and design.

Selasa, 12 Agustus 2008